Any serious study of the Chinese culture must include study of the quotations of Mao Tse Tung. Mao Tse Tung was a Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, poet and statesman who led China’s communist revolution after decades of foreign occupation and civil war in the 20th century.  On October 1, 1949 Mao announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949. From 1954 to 1959 Mao was the Chairman of the PRC. During this period, Mao was called Chairman Mao, the name many westerners are familiar with.  Following this period, almost every Chinese had a book called “Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse Tung” which was regarded as a source of infallible truth in discussions or arguments at schools or the workplace. Translations of these quotations are included below.

Metal stamping is the process in which small, simple or complex shapes are punched-out in a continuous sheet of metal (blank) by using instruments such as punches and dies. Complex shapes are generated by successively stamping the metal sheet with punches of different shapes, starting with a rough shape, to the final punch. Stamping is a high volume production method and machines called presses that can generate 100 or more strokes per minutes are used. By using metal stamping, pieces of metal can be made into a three-dimensional object from a flat piece of metal.

The rotational molding process consists of four distinct phases:

   1. Loading a measured quantity of polymer (usually in powder form) into the mold.

   2. Heating the mold in an oven whilst it rotates, until all the polymer has melted and adhered to the mold wall. The length of time the mold spends in the oven is critical. Too long and the polymer will degrade, reducing impact strength. If the mold spends too little time in the oven, the polymer melt may be incomplete. The polymer grains will not have time to fully melt and coalesce on the mold wall, resulting in large bubbles in the polymer. This has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the finished product.

   3. Cooling the mold, usually by fan. This stage of the cycle can be quite lengthy. The polymer must be cooled so that it solidifies and can be handled safely by the operator. This typically takes tens of minutes. The part will shrink on cooling, coming away from the mold, and facilitating easy removal of the part. The cooling rate must be kept within a certain range. Very rapid cooling (for example, water spray) would result in cooling and shrinking at an uncontrolled rate, producing a warped part.

   4. Removal of the part.

Overmolding utilizes the injection molding process to apply one material (overmold) onto another material (substrate). The overmolded material should form a bond with the substrate that endures the end-use environment and offers functional performance.

Injection Molding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials in production.

Simply put the following are the steps that it takes to create a finished product from a mold using the Injection Molding process:

   1. Granules of plastic powder (note the plastics listed above) are poured or fed into a hopper, which stores it until it is needed.

   2. A heater heats up the tube and when it reaches a high temperature a screw thread starts turning.

   3. A motor turns a thread, which pushes the granules along the heater section, which melts, then into a liquid.

   4. The liquid is forced into a mold where it cools into the shape (in this case a sphere).

   5. The mould then opens and the sphere is removed.